Hey,
Not from AK, but do live in the mountains and work outside (dog too) all winter.
I can assure you that the biggest adjustment will be for you, not the dog.
You being well educated/dressed for the weather all no matter what the season will go a LONG way to ensuring your dog gets the proper exersice. You can PM me if you ever need "dressing for the weather" advice, I have plenty of experience there
Your dog would be happy to go out in most if not all weather I think, it is you that may want to stay inside when the weather is raging
I would say that the average GSD would be happier with the weather in AK than TX on most days. If my 40lbs little Toller can do it (and love it), I am quite sure your GSD will be fine. I do know a woman in AK (Unalaska) with a Toller that is a SAR dog up there.
I have checked out the winter temps in Fairbanks and you may want to look into a pair of booties (check sled dog sites for cheep ones). You will only need them if at all on the coldest of days. My dog does "hot foot" (lift up paws..walk/run on 3 paws and the like) in super cold temps, but I still do not bootie him, but you may have those temps more often and choose to bootie.
The snow will be deep at times, but in town there will be lots of places packed down enough to walk. Following on foot in areas that have been snowmobiled makes a nice packed track in the bush on the outskirts of town, should you choose to get away from things.
I live in the area with a VERY high concentrations of bears (Grizzly and Black), cougers, wolves, coyotes, moose, elk and so on... I work taking people hiking in the summers. When appropriate, my dog joins me.
Again, education is the key. You would be best to educate yourself on how to behave in bear country and what to do if you encounter a bear. I work in the summer in a place with many moose and will tell you that they do NOT appreciate being charged by dogs, and a charging moose is nothing to sneeze at
Expect to see wildlife and have a plan for when you do. Seeing a whole heard of elk is an awsome chance for me to try out an obedience command with distractions. Seeing a bear with my dog is NOT the time to hang out and try and take a picture, and I will make my retreat in as non threatening a manner as is possible with my bear spray ready to fire....
So you better have good control over your dog (whatever meathod you choose). I choose to carry bear spray, and practice using it. Make a
lot of noise so as not to surprise wildlife. Situational awareness is key. Are you walking up wind? Your scent will not proceed you and animals will not know you are comming, maybe you need to make more noise to compensate.... This is but one small example.
THere will be ample info from your local area on how to stay safe in the bush I would imagine... In times of a bear or wildlife hanging out close to town, it may be prudent to avoid those areas. Certain times of year and certain years are more problematic. City and town parks will have warnings of such things...
Think of your move as a great adventure and then it will be
The picture in my signature was taken on -13 F morning. The dog still wants to play....