Thank Goodness the Pup is Okay! I have a golden, too and as lovable as they are they are either stubborn or slow learners, perhaps; or maybe it is just the slow owner.
Now with your pups diahreah, he may just not have any real control and that could be causing all the mistakes inside.
Our beautiful little pup wouldn't poop in his crate, but he'd pee anywhere and everywhere, including his sleeping crate and he'd lay right in it. Not Nice.
So I made it my personal mission that he was only upstairs for bedtime, that he went right into the crate and upon waking directly OUTSIDE for Potty. From 7 weeks through 12 weeks he got carried upstairs and downstairs and his feet never hit the floor upstairs. During the night he would wake me to go Poop, but never Pee, and the little bugger got a bath every morning. I didn't want him to get used to smelling like pee, hence the bath.
During week 12, he got a bad case of diahreah and had me up to let him out every 30 to 60 minutes. YIKES. But in the process, he stopped peeing in the crate. Hooray! and he must have noticed that he stopped getting baths each morning. IMAGINE. :-) Since his bout with diahreah, he no longer pees or poops in his crate. Double Hooray!
Daytime he is with me in the kitchen, or in his crate in the kitchen, on his tie out outside my kitchen, or with me in the van, usually in his crate. He is now 15 weeks old and I feel that he has some control and is kitchen trained.
He has started to go to the door sometimes and wait, and now starting to "play with"/ring the bells on the doorknob. He may just be playing but if he touches those bells, out he goes. Other times he might just stand and look at me, again out he goes. Since about week 13 I've been ringing the bells and saying OUTSIDE whenever I bring him outside or put him outside to go potty.
Unless you catch him in the act inside, then you need to just IGNORE it. If you see it inside, then you can Yell NO, pick him out, say OUTSIDE (or whatever your word is) and then go potty.
I've been consistent with using the words "go pee" so the puppy now pees on demand. Not hard for a pup that could pee on my floor every TEN minutes, though. :-)
I've not been as consistent with my "hurry up" but then pooping has been our potty training issue. If I put him outside and he only goes Pee and then he Whines or Especially BARKs as soon as I crated him, he gets one more chance to go Poop. If he doesn't go on the 2nd visit he was just complaining and now I will ignore the complaining. Fortunately, he usually does do all his business directly without a lot of dawdling, and he isn't much of a whiner in the crate most of the time, thus far.
Good Luck. I'm hoping some of my experience can help you, and maybe once the diahreah has passed, it will be easier for him.
SIDE NOTE: Did you notice the diet he is supposed to be on during Diahreah? Doesn't that just make you wonder? It was that wonder that caused me to do some Internet Research and How I found this wonderful Discussion Board.
I have moved from IAMS puppy to NV Chicken & Rice, but the next bag is going to be The Honest Kitchen (THK). The pup continues to have intermittent diahreah and loose stools, especially if I've worked on a new command or given him a bath, as that is the only time he gets treats now.
Louanne