ethology and behaviorism: what's the use!
Ethology is of some use I suppose. To put it too simply, I would think that it is mainly useful in this kind of scenario "hey, my dog digs holes!!! What shall I do! Is he crazy?"...and an ethologist might be able to say, "it's ok, some dogs do that" (of course, it doesn't necessarily take a degreed ethologist to say that...it could just be someone who has observed dogs)
your quote:
""""Ethology-is by definition: the scientific study of animal behaviour as it occurs in the animals natural or usual environment. In this field of study three types of training is identified.
1) Learning by observation -
2) Classical conditioning –
3) Operant conditioning – """
Observing animals in their natural environment sounds accurate to me, but I'm not sure that "training" is a part of ethology. I do not know much of ethology, but from what I have experienced, an ethologist observes and describes...and they are well known for making fancy graphs and statistical analysis of stuff they observe. They also have a fancy lexicon.
An ethologist might be able to tell a behaviorist that a dog 'tends to dig holes" or "tends to chase prey animals or balls"...and might be able to tell me the statistical probability that a certain number of animals will exhibit these behaviors out of a population. This sort of information is interesting, but is likely of little use to a trainer or behaviorist.
No matter what a person says about the "tendencies" of an organism (high drive, aggressive, civil or whatever), these terms are not very specific and are constantly under debate...so the value of these terms may be of some use, but even that is limited. If someone tells you this sort of stuff, does it tell you exactly what you are going to do when modifying the dog's behavior? I would say not. You still have to meet the dog, manipulate a few variables and see how the dog responds specifically and go from there. It's a one-on-one affair AND it's not necessarily in the natural environment.
Behaviorist work with one organism at a time, and most of what they do is manipulate environmental variables of which behavior is a function. They study these environmental variables, systematically alter them, and see what happens. (sort of like dog training) Behaviorist have discovered many important principles with regard to the fundamentals of environment/behavior interactions....and these things are directly related to practical matters of training. Directly. It appears to be the foundation of most of the newer dog training books.
I don't know that ethologists spend much or any time at all with operant conditioning or respondent conditioning. If they do, well, they are then studying behaviorism!
Behavioral science is a biological science...it is not a philosophy like many psychological theories out there. It studies an organism's response to environmental variables just as a physiologist studies the response of a cell to a chemical. There ain't a lot of philosophy in that!
Also, if a person see's a dog doing something bad...and they swat the dog....they are using behavioral principles even if they can not articulate it. The dog is also training the owner...."you must swat me in order to escape from witnessing my bad behavior.....I am rewarding you for swatting". Behavioral principles are always working in both directions...we attempt to manipulate the environment while it is manipulating us.
Whew!
Kelton